Friday, June 18, 2021

French lesson 3 notes

 

3.Le Beau Tableau de Lea

Grammaire –

A.    Les verbes en IR – 2nd group verbs

Remplir – to fill

Finir – to finish

Choisir – to choose

Applaudir – to clap

Rougir – to become red/ to blush

Jaunir – to become yellow

 

Conjugation of applaudir – to clap

J’applaudis

Tu applaudis

Il/elle/on applaudit

Nous applaudissons

Vous applaudissez

Ils/elles applaudissent

B.    Pluriel des noms

Rule

Singulier

Pluriel

1)    Add ‘s’ at the end

Le livre – the  book

La fleur - flower

Les livres – books

Les fleurs - flowers

2)    If it ends with ‘s/x/z’ don’t add anything

Le riz – rice

L’ours – bear

L’époux - spouce

Les riz

Les ours

Les époux

3)    If it ends with ‘ail’ change it to ‘aux’

Le vitrail – window

Le travail - work

Les vitraux

Les travaux

4)    If it ends with ‘al’ change it to ‘ aux’

Le signal – signal

L’animal

L’hôpital

Les signaux

Les animaux

Les hôpitaux

5)    If it ends with ‘eau’ change it to ‘eaux’

Le bureau – office

Le chameau – camel

Le bateau – boat

L’oiseau – bird

Le château – castle

Le gâteau – cake

Le chapeau - cap

Les bureaux

Les chameaux

Les bateaux

Les oiseaux

Les châteaux

Les gâteaux

Les chapeaux

6)    If it ends with ‘ou’ change it to ‘oux’

Le hibou –owl

Le genou - knee

Les hiboux

Les genoux

7)    If it ends with ‘eu’ change it to ‘eux’

Le dieu – god

Le jeu - toy

Les dieux

Les jeux

 

C.    Féminin des adjectifs

       Rule

              Masculin

           Féminin

Add ‘e’ at the end of adjectve

Grand –big/tall

Petit – small/short

Grande

petite

if adj.ends with’e’ don’t add e

 jeune –young

 maigre – thin/slim

 jeune

 maigre

If it ends with ‘ien’ change it to ‘ienne’

Ancien -ancient

ancienne

If it ends with ‘on’change it to ‘onne’

bon –good

        mignon - cute

bonne

         mignonne

        If it ends with  ‘s’ change it to ‘sse’

            Gros -fat

           grosse

       If ends with ‘l’  change it to ‘lle’

      Gentil –kind/gentle

           gentille

If it ends with ‘f’ change it to ‘ve’

         Actif –active

         Sportif - sporty

          Active

           Sportive

If it ends with ‘eux’ change it to ‘euse’.

       Sérieux – serious

        Heureux – happy/lucky

          Sérieuse

          heureuse

If it ends with ‘er’ change it to ‘ère’

         Léger - light

légère

 

Exception: - long – longue

In French the adjective must match with the noun that means if the noun is masc.sing. the adjective also is masc. sing. If the noun is fem. sing. The adjective must be fem. Sing.

To change the adjective from masculine to feminine the above rules must be followed.

The following adjectives are special because they have two masc. forms and one feminine form.

English

For Masc.sing. noun

For Masc. sing. Noun starting with a/e/i/o/u/h

For Fem. Sing. noun

Handsome/beautiful

Beau

e.g. un beau jardin – a beautiful garden

Bel

e.g. un bel hôtel – a beautiful hotel

Belle

e.g. une belle ville – a beautiful city

new

Nouveau

e.g. un nouveau jardin – a new garden

Nouvel

e.g. un nouvel hôtel – a new hotel

Nouvelle

e.g. une nouvelle maison – a new house

Old/ancient

Vieux

e.g. un vieux bâtiment – an old building

Vieil

e.g. un vieil homme – an old man

Vieille

e.g. une vieille femme – an old woman

 

D.    L’accord des adjectifs et la placement des adjectifs

In French if

the noun is masc sing. – the adjective is also masc. Sing e.g. un jeune garçon

The noun is fem. Sing. – the adjective is fem. Sing. E.g. une grande maison

The noun is masc. Plural – the adj. Is masc. Plural e.g. de gros livres

The noun is fem. Plural – the adj. Is fem. Plural e.g. de jeunes femmes

 

Following adjectives are always placed after the noun.

nationalité

Un homme indien

couleur

Une feuille verte

La forme (shape)

Un sandwich triangulaire

La réligion

Un temple hindou

adjective longer than noun

Une histoire extradorniaire

 

Following adjectives are always used before the noun.

Petit – small

Tout – all

Grand – big/tall

Vrai – true

Joli – pretty

Gentil – kind

Chaque –every

Premier – first

Jeune – young

Bon – good

Dernier – last

Gros – fat

Faux – false

Autre – other

Vieux - old

Mauvais - bad

Nouveau - new

Quelques - some

 

Please note that – 1.when the adjective is used before the noun e.g. une grande maison

And we want to change it to plural it is done as  ‘ de +adj. Plural + noun plural i.e.      ‘de grandes maisons’

2.When the adjective is used after the noun e.g. une robe rouge

And we want to change it to plural it is done as ‘des + noun plural+adjective plural   i.e.    ‘des robes rouges’

In 1st case un/une is changed to ‘de’ ,in 2nd case un/une is changed to ‘des’

 

E.     Coin culturel

         Name of painting

   Name of artist

1.     La Joconde

 Léonard de Vinci

2.     Paysage tahitien

Paul Gauguin

3.     La joie de vivre

Robert Delaunay

4.     Le bal du moulin de la Galette

Pierre Auguste Renoir

 

 

 

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