Sunday, April 26, 2020

french lesson 3




                                        3. C’est lundi
                                           Grammaire
1.      Féminin des adjectifs
       Rule
              Masculin
           Féminin
Add ‘e’ at the end of adjectve
Grand –big/tall
Petit – small/short
Grande
petite
if adj.ends with’e’ don’t add e
 jeune –young
 maigre – thin/slim
 jeune
 maigre
If it ends with ‘ien’ change it to ‘ienne’
Ancien -ancient
ancienne
If it ends with ‘on’change it to ‘onne’
bon –good
        mignon - cute
bonne
         mignonne
        If it ends with  ‘s’ change it to ‘sse’
            Gros -fat
           grosse
       If ends with ‘l’  change it to ‘lle’
      Gentil –kind/gentle
           gentille
If it ends with ‘f’ change it to ‘ve’
         Actif –active
         Sportif - sporty
          Active
           Sportive
If it ends with ‘eux’ change it to ‘euse’.
       Sérieux – serious
        Heureux – happy/lucky
          Sérieuse
          heureuse
If it ends with ‘er’ change it to ‘ère’
         Léger - light
légère

Exception: - long – longue
In French the adjective must match with the noun that means if the noun is masc.sing. the adjective also is masc. sing. If the noun is fem. sing. The adjective must be fem. Sing.
To change the adjective from masculine to feminine the above rules must be followed.
The following adjectives are special because they have two masc. forms and one feminine form.
English
For Masc.sing. noun
For Masc. sing. Noun starting with a/e/i/o/u/h
For Fem. Sing. noun
Handsome/beautiful
Beau
e.g. un beau jardin – a beautiful garden
Bel
e.g. un bel hôtel – a beautiful hotel
Belle
e.g. une belle ville – a beautiful city
new
Nouveau
e.g. un nouveau jardin – a new garden
Nouvel
e.g. un nouvel hôtel – a new hotel
Nouvelle
e.g. une nouvelle maison – a new house
Old/ancient
Vieux
e.g. un vieux bâtiment – an old building
Vieil
e.g. un vieil homme – an old man
Vieille
e.g. une vieille femme – an old woman

2.    Pluriel des noms
Rule
Singulier
Pluriel
1)    Add ‘s’ at the end
Le livre – the  book
La fleur - flower
Les livres – books
Les fleurs - flowers
2)    If it ends with ‘s/x/z’ don’t add anything
Le riz – rice
L’ours – bear
L’époux - spouce
Les riz
Les ours
Les époux
3)    If it ends with ‘ail’ change it to ‘aux’
Le vitrail – window
Le travail - work
Les vitraux
Les travaux
4)    If it ends with ‘al’ change it to ‘ aux’
Le signal – signal
L’animal
L’hôpital
Les signaux
Les animaux
Les hôpitaux
5)    If it ends with ‘eau’ change it to ‘eaux’
Le bureau – office
Le chameau – camel
Le bateau – boat
L’oiseau – bird
Le château – castle
Le gâteau – cake
Le chapeau - cap
Les bureaux
Les chameaux
Les bateaux
Les oiseaux
Les châteaux
Les gâteaux
Les chapeaux
6)    If it ends with ‘ou’ change it to ‘oux’
Le hibou –owl
Le genou - knee
Les hiboux
Les genoux
7)    If it ends with ‘eu’ change it to ‘eux’
Le dieu – god
Le jeu - toy
Les dieux
Les jeux

3.    Exceptions to plural rules
Ail ending nouns
L’ail – garlic
L’email
Le chandail – sweater
Le détail - detail
Le rail

Les ails
Les emails
Les chandails
Les détails
Les rails
Al ending nouns
Le festival
Le carnaval
Le chacal – jackle
Le bal – ball dance
Le régal
Les festivals
Les carnavals
Les chacals
Les bals
Les régals
4.    Two verbs in one sentence
When two verbs are used in a sentence only one of the mis conjugated and the other is used in infinitive form.

e.g. J’aime manger le chocolat.

In the above sentence there are two verbs used aimer and manger. Out of the two only aimer is conjugated with je and manger is used in its infinitive form.
e.g. Il aime donner le pain aux oiseaux.

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