lesson 7 notes

 

7. Léa achète une nouvelle robe

Grammaire –

1.     Les verbes pouvoir et vouloir

	Pouvoir –can/to be able to	Vouloir – to want
Je	Peux	Veux
Tu	Peux	Veux
Il/elle/on	Peut	Veut
Nous	Pouvons	Voulons
Vous	Pouvez	Voulez
Ils/Elles	peuvent	veulent

 

2.     3rd group verbs – RE verbs

Descendre – to climb down

Entendre – to listen

Attendre – to wait for

Rendre – to give

Vendre- to  sell

 

Eg. Vendre – to sell

Je vends – I sell

Tu vends – You sell

Il/Elle/On vend – He/she/everybody sells

Nous vendons – we sell

Vous vendez – you sell

Ils/Elles vendent – they sell

 

Mettre –to put

Permettre- to permit

Promettre –to promise

 

Eg. Mettre – to put

Je mets –I put

Tu mets – You put

Il/Elle/On met – He/She/Everybody puts

Nous mettons – We put

Vous mettez – You put

Ils/Elles mettent – they put

3.     When there are two verbs in a sentence only one of the mis conjugated with the subject and the other one is kept in infinitive form.

Eg.             Il préfère manger de la salade.

                  Vous aimez faire de la randonnée.

4.     L’interrogation – Ask a question in such a way that you get answer as ‘oui/non’

a.     Intonation – write the sentence as it is and put the question mark.

Eg.  Vous aimez le gâteau. ------- the question is   ‘ Vous aimez le gâteau ?’

b.     Add Est-ce que before the sentence.

Eg.  Est-ce que vous aimez le gâteau ?

Note – These are two different ways of asking the same question. So the answer also will be the same.

 

Vocab – les vêtements - clothes

 

Les vêtements –

français	English	français	English
Une chemise	A shirt	Les lunettes	glasses
Un pantalon	pants	Les sandales
Un t-shirt		Les chaussures (f)	shoes
Un jean	jeans	Les chaussettes	socks
Un manteau	A coat	Les bas	stockings
Un pull	Pullover	Les baskets	Sport shoes
Une robe	A dress	Les tennis	Canvas shoes
Une jupe	A skirt	Les bottes	boots
Une écharpe	A scarf	Les souliers	Leather shoes
Un foulard	A muffler	Le maillot de bain	Swimming costume
des gants(m)	gloves	Un chemisier	blouse
Un tablier	An apron	Un costume	A suit
Une veste	Ladies jacket	Une culotte	shorts
Un veston	Men’s jacket	Une chemise de nuit	Night dress

 

SCIENCE CHAP 4. Heat and Its Transfer

 

4. Heat and Its Transfer

Choose the correct option.

a) In solids, heat is mainly transferred by the process of .

i) conduction

iii) radiation

ii)

iv)

convection none of these

b) Temperature is measured in .

i) calories

iii) joules

ii)

iv)

degree celsius

all of these

c) The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is called its

.

i) melting point ii) boiling point

iii) freezing point iv) none of the above

2. Assertion and Reason type questions:

In the following questions, two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A)

and the other labelled Reason (R). Read the statements carefully and choose the

correct alternative (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.

(A) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.

(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

(C) A is true but R is false.

(D) A is false but R is true.

a) Assertion: The exteriors of houses are painted in light colours in hot climate.

Reason: Light colour absorbs large amount of radiant heat.

 Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

b) Assertion: When an iron rod at 50°C is brought in contact with water at 30°C, heat

flows from the iron rod to water.

Reason: Heat always flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower

temperature.

Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of

the Assertion

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b) Heat emitted from a light bulb

3. Identify the type of heat transfer depicted in the following examples.

a) Touching

a hot spoon

Conduction

 Radiation

c) Cooling a room using an air conditioner

 Convection

4. Answer the following questions in brief.

a) What are the advantages of an alcohol thermometer

over a mercury thermometer?

 Alcohol is useful in measuring the lower temperatures as its freezing point is low.

 It has another advantage of being less hazardous in comparison to mercury.

b) On a cold winter day, the temperature was 23 degree fahrenheit. What

would this temperature be in degree celsius?

 9 5

F 32 C = −

 ( 32) 9

5 C = F −

 (23 32) 9

5 = −

 = −5°C

c) Differentiate between conductors and insulators.

Conductors Insulators

The materials that allow heat to pass

through them easily are called

conductors of heat

The materials that do not allow the heat

to pass through them easily are called

insulators.

15

5. Give reasons for the following statements.

a) Rooms are provided with exhaust fans at the top near the ceiling.

The warm air from the floor rises up. Placing the exhaust fans near the top will

keep

the room cool by allowing the escape of the hot air in the top layer.

b) Cooking utensils are provided with wooden handles.

Cooking utensils are provided with wooden handles because wood is

a poor conductor of heat. Hence, the heat from the hot cooking

appliances does not flow into our hands. As a result, we can hold the

appliances by their handles while they are hot.

6. The diagram depicts a beaker containing water kept on a burner.

a) Which mode of heat transfer does the arrow indicate?

 Convection

b) Explain how the water in the beaker gets heated.

Water molecules closest to the source of heat gain heat and expand. As a

result, they become lighter and move upwards. Their place is taken by water

molecules from the top, which are comparatively less warm, thereby heating

the entire liquid. This movement of the liquid in a loop pattern gives rise to a

convection current through which heat energy flows and the entire liquid gets

heated.

SCIENCE CHAPTER 8 SOIL

 8. Soil

1. Choose the correct option.

a) __________ is/are considered as the best soil for agriculture and gardening. R

i) Loamy soil ii) Sandy soil

iii) Clayey soil iv) Both sandy and clayey soil

ans: Loamy soil

b) B-horizon consists of: R

i) top soil ii) subsoil

iii) parent rock iv) substratum

ans: subsoil

c) Which crop is grown in black soil? An

i) Lentils ii) Gram

iii) Paddy iv) Cotton

ans: Cotton

d) ________ layer does not allow percolation of water. U

i) O-horizon ii) E-horizon

iii) A-horizon iv) R-horizon

ans: R-horizon

2. Give two examples for each of the following. U

a) Crops grown in acidic soil.

ans: potatoes, cabbage, radishes, carrots, cucumbers

(examples may vary, accept all correct answers)

b) Microorganisms that grow on the surface of the rocks.

ans: bacteria, algae, lichens

(examples may vary, accept all correct answers)

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c) Crops grown in alkaline soil.

ans: onions, spinach

(examples may vary, accept all correct answers)

3. In following questions, the Assertion and Reason have been put forward. Read

the statements carefully and choose the correct alternative from the

following: An/E

(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation

of the Assertion.

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct

explanation of the Assertion.

(C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

(D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

a) Assertion: Sandy soil is used in construction along with cementing materials.

Reason: Sandy soil does not get sticky and has a light and loose structure.

ans: (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct

explanation of the Assertion.

b) Assertion: A vertical section of the soil from the surface downwards to the

parent rock is known as soil profile.

Reason: There are eight different types of horizons generally found in a soil

profile.

ans: (C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

4. Answer the following questions:

a) Explain the term weathering. R

ans: Weathering is the process of weakening and breaking down of rocks by

both living and non-living factors.

b) Why is humus essential for plants? An/E

ans: Humus provides the plants with essential nutrients. It also helps in the

retention of moisture in the soil and loosens the soil allowing better

aeration.

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c) What is meant by the retention capacity of the soil? U

ans: The ability of soil to retain water is known as absorption capacity or

retention capacity of the soil.

d) Differentiate between clayey soil and loamy soil based on the following

criteria: An

(a) Composition

(b) Particle size

ans: Criteria Clayey soil Loamy soil

Composition It contains

about 60% of

clay particles.

It contains a balance of all the three

types of soil particles, i.e. sand, silt

and clay.

Particle size Smallest particle

size

Particle size is smaller than sandy soils

but larger than clayey soils

5. Give reasons for each of the following statements. E

a) We should try to reduce plastic waste as much as possible.

ans: Plastic waste is non-degradable and persists in soil year after year

causing pollution. The productivity of polluted soil reduces over time

and it cannot sustain any life forms thereby becoming useless.

b) Clayey soil is used for pottery and for baking bricks.

ans: Clayey soil is used for pottery and for baking bricks as it naturally forms

lumps with water and can be moulded easily.

6. Maria collected three soil samples (loamy soil, sandy soil and clayey soil) and tested

each of them to see how much water they could hold. The same amounts of soil

and water were added to each funnel and allowed to drain for 5 minutes. Ap, An/E

a) Which soil sample retained the maximum amount of water?

ans: Clayey soil

b) Which soil sample has the maximum amount of space between the soil

particles? Give a reason for your answer.

ans:  Sandy soil

 It retained the least amount of water as there are huge spaces

between the soil particles.

c) Maria observed that, in 5 minutes, 50 ml of water percolated through loamy

soil. Calculate the rate of percolation of water.

ans: Amount of water = 50 ml

Time taken to percolate = 5 min

The percolation rate =

 =

= 10 ml/ min

Set up 1 Set up 2 Set up 3

Loamy soil Sandy soil Clayey soil

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7. Amish visited his village in Meghalaya and observed that people had created steps

on mountain slopes to carry out farming. Ap , U

a) What is this type of farming known as?

ans: Terrace farming

b) State one benefit of this farming practice.

ans: Terrace farming prevents water runoff from the slopes, thus it helps to

reduce soil erosion and conserve soil.

8. Complete the boxes with the help of the clues provided: Ap

a) The type of weathering that involves the breaking down of rocks due to the

action of living organisms.

ans:

b) The gradual transformation of habitable land into deserts.

ans:

9. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Soil X is made of particles with diameters between 0.002 to 0.05 mm while soil Y is

made of particles with diameters more than 2 m. An/E

Which of these soil samples can be silt?

ans: Soil X

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SCIENCE CHAP 7.Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

 7.Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

1. Choose the correct option.

 a) Which of the following instruments is used for measuring the relative

humidity of a place?R

 i) Hygrometer ii) Thermometer

 iii) Barometer iv) Rain gauge

ans: Hygrometer

 b) The black and white plumage of penguins helps them:U

 i) in swimming

 ii) to search for food on ground

 iii) to camouflage while swimming underwater

 iv) both (b) and (c)

ans: to camouflage while swimming underwater

 c) A macaque spends most of its time:R

 i) on tree tops ii) in the holes of trees

 iii) on the forest floor iv) in grasslands

ans: on tree tops

2. Give two examples for each of the following.U

 a) Animals of tropical rain forests.

ans: Red-eyed tree frog, lion-tailed macaques, toucans, elephants

 (examples may vary, accept all correct answers)

 b) Migratory birds

ans: Arctic Tern, Siberian crane

 (examples may vary, accept all correct answers)

 c) Animals that the polar bear feeds on.

ans: Seals, walruses, fishes

(examples may vary, accept all correct answers)

Page 2 of 5

3. State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false

statements by changing the underlined words.U

 a) In polar bears, the papillae act as an insulating material protecting the bear

from extreme cold.

ans: False, In polar bears, the blubber acts as an insulating material

protecting the bear from extreme cold.

 b) The climate of a place depends upon the altitude of the place above sea

level.

ans: True

 c) In tropical rainforests, most of the trees are broad-leaved and hardwood

evergreens.

ans: True

 d) The trunk ofan elephant is formed by the fusion of nose and tusk.

ans: False, The trunk ofan elephant is formed by the fusion of nose and the

upper lip.

4. In following questions, the Assertion and Reason have been put forward. Read

the statements carefully and choose the correct alternative from the

following:An/E

(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of

the Assertion.

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation

of the Assertion.

(C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

(D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

 a) Assertion:Red-eyed tree frogs have bright, leaf green bodies with yellow

and blue stripes.

Reason:The bright colours are used as a defence mechanism.

ans: (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct

explanation of the Assertion. 

Page 3 of 5

 b) Assertion:The understoreylayer of tropical rainforests is made up of plants

adapted to grow in low sunlight.

Reason:The understoreylayer isthe darkest and most humid layer of a

tropical rainforest.

 (B) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

5. Give reasons for the following statements:An

a) Regions with higher temperature have more humidity than cooler regions.

ans: When air in a region gets heated, it expands and holds more moisture.

b) Polar bears have white fur on their body.

ans: The white colour of the fur helps them to camouflage themselves in the

snow, protects them from predators and helps them to catch their prey.

 c) Birds living in polar regions migrate during winter.

ans: As most birds are not adapted to the harsh cold, they migrate to

warmer regions during winters.

6. Define the following: R

 a) Adaptation

ans: The changes in the body and behaviour of organisms that enable them

to survive in their environment are known as adaptation.

 b) Migration

ans: The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another is called

migration.

c) Meteorology

ans: The study of weather is called meteorology.

 

Page 4 of 5

7. Answers the following questions in brief:

a) What does a meteorologist do? U

ans: A meteorologist prepares weather reports that inform us about the

dailyweather in different parts of the world.

b) Name the following:R

(a) the polar region around the North Pole

(b) the polar region around the South Pole

ans: (a) Arctic

(b) Antarctic

c) What are the wings of penguins known as? What are they modified for?U

ans: The wings of penguins are known as flippers. They are modified for

underwater swimming.

8. Observe the picture given blow and answer the questions that follow:R

a) Identify the bird in the above picture.

ans: Siberian crane

b) How do these birds get energy to fly long distances?

ans: These birds store extra fat which acts as a source of energy helping them

to fly long distances.

Page 5 of 5

9. Collectinformation about humidity, daily minimum and maximum temperatures of

your city/town for five days. Also collect the same information for any other

city/town. Use newspapers or the internet to collect the data. Compare the collected

data and conclude which of the two cities/towns is warmer/cooler and more

humid/less humid.An/E

Day Name

of your

city

Max

temp

(°C)

Max

temp

(°C)

Humidity

(%)

Name of

the city

compared

Max

temp

(°C)

Max

temp

(°C)

Humidity

(%)

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Conclusion :

10. Complete the boxes with the help of the clues provided:Ap

a) An instrument used to measure wind speed.

b) A layer of fat under the skin to insulate the body of animals in polar regions.

11. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

It is difficult to predict the weather of a place while it is easer to predict its climate.

Give reason.An/E

ans: Weather of a place can vary over a short period of time. Hence it is difficult to

predict weather. It is easier to predict climate as it is the average weather

pattern taken over a long time.

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STD: 7 SUB: GUJARATI [ CH: 15 ]

 

STD 7 SUB GUJARATI (CH 8)

 

STD 7 GUJARATI ( CH 7 )

 

STD 7 GUJARATI ( CH: 11)